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shalom aleichem dear rabbi in "targum jerusalem and targum jonathan on genesis 49: 10" we read: "nor sapherim teaching the law from his children's children," "nor sapherim teaching the law from his seed," first question: What does this phrase mean? "sapherim teaching the law" i'm confused! second question: What does this word "sapherim" mean? third question: what does (גֶּ֣זַע) mean? at last: why are these targums like each other? best Wishe

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My friends and I have questions about I Samuel 16:2. Is there any particular reason Samuel was told to offer a female animal rather than a male animal? Since the Ark was in the possession of the Philistines and the Tabernacle and the Altar for sacrifices had, apparently, ceased to function after Eli and his sons died and the Ark was lost in battle, how and where did the Israelites "do" sacrifices since there was no functioning Tabernacle and The Temple had not yet been built? Samuel was not a priest/Levite so what "kind" (name? category?) of sacrifice was he offering? It almost seems as though he was offering an illegitimate sacrifice "on a high place." How can this be explained? We would appreciate ANY light you can shed on this topic! Thanks for giving us your time!

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Yeshayahu 55:5 A) Is this verse talking about Mashiach, or to/about Israel? B) What nation could possibly he/we not know? C) I interpret the 'nation' mentioned in this verse to be Israel; the Mashiach did not/will not know of Jews, and Am Israel did not/would not know him... as the Moshiach is/will come from the other nations. If you think about it, what better way to usher in unity between the Nations and Israel? Is this a possible interpretation?

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Bamidbar 15:38 says, "Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them throughout their generations fringes in the corners of their garments, and that they put with the fringe of each corner a thread of blue" However in the Hebrew this passage begins with "v’kiper hakohen al-kal adath b’ney Yis’ra’El". The word b'ney means sons, so how did it get translated to mean children? The word children indicates that Moshe was speaking to a crowd of not only males, but females as well. Is this a mistranslation or are there other passages in the Torah where the word b'ney in used in a similar manner?

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Isaish 65:17 (66:22) writes about a ‘new’ heaven and earth. Although I’m not sure what that means, I find these words somewhat strange, because there are some verses which indicate the possibility that these won’t pass away. For example David says in a Psalm (37:29): “The righteous will inherit the land, and dwell in it forever.” Again Asaph says: “..like the earth which He has founded forever (Psalm 78:69).” Kohelet 1:4 says: “the earth endures forever.” Besides this, I always thought heaven and earth were called upon as witnesses, as these would endure forever. So what’s the meaning of ‘new/renewed heaven and earth,’ and in such a case what is it exactly that’s new/renewed about it?