Rationale

In the tanakh, Hashem commands the Jewish nation to exterminate the Amalekites and brutally attack the caananites. How ought one go around explaining the ethics of this to a non religious person (or a person of another religion like Buddhism or paganism)?

Take a gun and shoot someone dead from a moderate distance. All would agree this is an act murder, a violation of the sixth commandment and the criminal law of the land where they live. In a technical sense, what the killer did was to pull a trigger, which put a bullet on a random trajectory, which just happened to strike another person, who just happened to succumb to their wound, all as the outcome had the potential to be quite different. Nevertheless, the murderer fully intended to kill the victim and is morally and legally and halachically responsible, as this is not considered by any means a loophole to get away with murder. I have heard of other situations in Halacha where loopholes of this fashion are exploited as a way to consider other ordinarily forbidden actions permissible. For example, there are electronic devices designed for Shabbat use that send random electric signals, all with the intention of making the visible result normal operation of a normal electrical device. How can that possibly be allowed when in the above example, it obviously isn’t?

Hello Rabbi, I wanted to know, how does the Gemara know prohibitory law and monetary law?

Why must we use a cup to rinse our hand before saying a brucha. The question is on the cup and not simply using the faucet.