Torah

What are some authentic books of commentary on the Torah?

"Then Joshua spoke to the Lord on the day when the Lord made the Amorites lose the war against the sons of Israel. He said, in the eyes of Israel, “O sun, stand still at Gibeon. O moon, stand still in the valley of Aijalon." (Joshua 10:12) This seems very strange to me since if sun does not move, there would be trouble with the functioning of the universe. So, what happened at that time?

  Good morning Sir, here in the Philippines my name is Mr.Andrian Clintton P. Garcia, but you can call me by my nickname A.C for ANDRIAN CLINTTON, as you can judge, I'm a FILIPINO by RACE and my only tongues are FILIPINO and ENGLISH, I understand HEBREW, ARAMAIC, and GREEK by TRANSLATION APP using P.C or SMARTPHONE. My question is: Is it accurate or correct to translate and to call the TORAH as LAW, but the name itself can be translated as TEACHING or INSTRUCTION? The term LAW also is used for the other calling of the WRITTEN TORAH, it is called also WRITTEN LAW and also in the ORAL TORAH, it is also called ORAL LAW for other callings.

In parshas Noah ,the Torah says ,that Noah brought with him ,every living being. As we know, the story of Noah took place in the middle east, when Noah landed, the Torah says,''every living being on the earth , every creeping thing ,and every bird and ,every thing that moves on the earth, by their families, came out of the ark''. Based on this premise that they are landing and letting all animals off in the middle east, how are there animals in America, which has thousands of miles of ocean between the middle east? And how are there animals which are only native to certain parts of the world and not the middle east?

Gen 20:12 Abraham says Sarah is my sister, the daughter of my father (i.e., Terah), but not the daughter of my mother. What does “Sarah is not the daughter of my mother” mean?

Shalom aleichem Rabbi Lauffer. Thank you for answering my last question. Rashi says that Avraham Avinu thought that the three angels were Arabs. How could Avraham think they were Arabs, though, when Arabs did not yet exist seemingly, as we hold that Arabs are the descendants of Yishmael, and Yishmael at this time had no children? Thanks a lot.

Gen 20:12 Abraham says Sarah is my sister, the daughter of my father (i.e., Terah), but not the daughter of my mother. Assuming Sarah was Iscah, Abraham married Sarah (Iscah), the daughter of his brother Haran. Therefore, Sarah was Abraham’s niece. Question: What does "Sarah is not the daughter of my mother" mean? It seems to imply that Abraham’s father (Terah) had two different wives – one was the mother of Abraham, one was the mother of Haran, and one of them was also Nahor’s mother. Also, does the bible provide the names of these wives? Thanks.