Question
Boker Tov. I understand that there are a number of Torah commandments that cannot be fulfilled because there is no Temple in Israel. I also understand that there are a number of Torah commandments that can only be fulfilled within Israel itself. Which commandments are these, specifically, both in the Diaspora and within Israel? Thanks, Andrew Goldberg
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Question
A Bris is traditionally conducted during daylight, following the Morning Prayer service. If this is not possible, it can be done any time during the day. However, a Bris can NEVER be done at night, which according to the Jewish calendar begins at sunset. Why can a Bris not be done at night?

Question
Hi, I have some questions regarding teshuvah for Jews and Noahides. As I understand teshuvah, there is two levels. The first level turns the intentional sin into an unintentional sin. That lowers the punishment, but it does not remove the sin. The second level removes the sin, and you are no longer guilty in the eyes of G-d. I recently heard from a rabbi, that it does not work like that for Noahides. We (Noahides) do not have a way to remove a sin completely. We can do teshuvah, but the sin will not be completely removed. Just as the first level of teshuvah for Jews. Therefore there is no way for a Noahide to be completely forgiven, which means that he/she will still be punished. The only way around this, is to convert to Judaism and to get a new soul that "starts at zero," you can say. Considering that most Noahides are former Christians and that idolatry is a serious sin, it sounds like converting is the only right thing to do. In general people make mistakes that they regret later, if they are former Christians or not. Is this view of teshuvah true? If yes, what is the sources for it? And why do Jews then discourage Noahides of converting, if it is the only way to be completely forgiven?

Question
My mezuzah scroll came to me unrolled, in a vacuum-sealed plastic. My question is, can I roll up the mezuzah while inside the protective plastic... Or must I take it out of the plastic, roll it, and then put the plastic back on?

Question
Hello Rabbi, I've been learning about taharat hamishpacha and my lessons say that when a woman finds a spot of questionable color while counting the 7 clean days, she must take it to a rabbi for him to look at it. That seems incredibly uncomfortable, and even immodest. How could it be that a man cannot see my upper arm, but he is expected to see my bodily fluids - something I'd even be embarrassed to show to my husband? Also, what gives the rabbi the ability to make the call whether a spot is liable to make a woman considered still in niddah or not? Is it simply traditional methods passed down, is there medical speculation involved, and could different rabbis potentially say different judgements about the same spot? Can an experienced, halachically informed woman not do so for herself? On a side note, I was wondering about the white underwear. If spotting occurs on white underwear, it almost invariably stains. This means that each pair of underwear is unlikely to be purely white foe more than one cycle. Are we just supposed to go through underwear and keep buying new ones? If not and it's okay to re-use the stained underwear, then why is any off-white color garment unacceptable when it is essentially the same if the white garment is no longer white?

Question
Hi Rabbi, what’s the source for pouring water on one’s fingers or hands after a meal before saying birkat hamazon (grace after meals)? I’ve seen many people who wash their hands before a meal but not afterwards. Would you please help me understand? Thanks!
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Question
Dear Rabbi, I am making a needlepoint cover case for a mezuzah and there are two inserts available. One is hand-written, the other one is reproduced. Is there a religious difference, or just a price difference? Thanks.
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