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Dear Rabbi, What does Judaism teach about the importance of friendship as opposed to concentrating on living one’s own life “as an island”? Thanks so much for this service!

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Shalom. To my understanding, sackcloths were worn in times of mourning, repentance, submission . Was it also worn in times of distress and/or difficulties?   Thank you for your insights.

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There is a Higher Power like people like to say, a Being who created all that is. This Being has used various words to refer to Himself, or people have used words themselves to refer to this Being in a language that was understandable to those who would receive words about this Being. Well, the most commonly used word for this Being is “God.” However, when we look at the Tenach, we do not find this word anywhere. Yes, if we consult an English translation, we find this word used hundreds of times to refer to this Being, but it remains a translation! In the original language, we know that the words Elohim (אלוהים), Eloah (אלוה), or El (אל)—or derivatives thereof—are generally used to refer to this Being. These words indicate power, might, strength, force. These descriptors are often used in combination with other words, for example in expressions like El Shaddai, Elohei Kedem, El Elyon, Elohim Chayim, Elohei HaElohim, etc. In the very first verse of the Tanakh, in the Torah, this Being is referred to as Elohim. If we set aside the translation using the word “God” (which has its own distinct etymological and historical background, and therefore carries its own unique meaning and definition), and instead look purely at the etymological and historical background, meaning, and definition of the words Elohim, Eloah, El, etc., how should we understand these words, knowing that they are based on something that expresses power, might, and/or strength? And what is then the nuance between these words, given that their commonality lies in the expression of power, might, and/or strength? “Why do we refer to the Heavenly Being as Elohim in one instance, and in another as Eloah or El? And what is the nuance between these words if all denote A (Higher) Power?” Here’s an example: Let’s suppose Elohim means Almighty / All-powerful Eloah means Mighty One / Powerful One El means Might / Power In such a case, both the connection between the words and the nuance among them becomes immediately clear. Also, we could easily apply them to something spiritual as well as something earthly or physical. Still, I get stuck when I read that Moses, in Exodus 7:1, is positioned as Elohim to Pharaoh. But Moses isn’t almighty; rather, he is positioned there as someone with authority or power. So why not use the word Eloah? Or otherwise say “as,” like in Genesis 3:5? Deuteronomy 7:9 says Hu HaElohim HaEl Hane’eman — “He is the Almighty, the faithful…” But then HaEl would have to mean “the power of the might,” while it makes more sense to translate this as “the Mighty One.” So why not use Eloah here? Psalm 82:1 says Elohim nitzav ba’adat El — “The Almighty stands in the congregation of might.” But even here, it would make more sense to speak of “the congregation of the mighty.” I understand, of course, that context and grammar determine the meaning of these words in the verses where they appear. But I still don’t fully understand why sometimes Elohim is used, other times Eloah, and yet other times El. Nor do I, as mentioned, grasp the distinction between them, if all of them essentially express something about power, might, or strength. I hope my question is clear. I’m genuinely trying to understand what these words mean in the hope of grasping why these particular words were chosen to refer to this Being in specific verses, and why sometimes it’s Elohim, other times Eloah, and in other cases El.

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As a recent bal tashuva I didn't have a specific custom of tieing teffillin so I adopted tieing ashkinaz but I have chabad teffillin so I would like to know if this is allowed according to halacha

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Can I get dreadlocks as an orthodox Jewish woman in regards to going to mikveh? If I get faux dreadlocks, would that count as my hair being covered if all the strands of my hair are wrapped completely with fake hair? Thanks!